Why is this state government discouraging rapid tests for dengue diagnosis? – Times of India

Taking cognizance of the seasonal diseases which become highly prevalent in India during the monsoon season, the Telangana government has warned against rapid tests for dengue detection and has said that strict action will be taken against hospitals who engage in such practices.
Instead, the state health minister Damodar Rajanarsimha has urged authorities to make sure that ELISA is used to diagnose dengue.The minister had addressed the increasing dengue cases in the state through a video conference held on Thursday, reports have said.

The key difference between ELISA and rapid tests is the turnaround time.

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for dengue are designed to provide quick results, typically within 15 to 20 minutes. They require minimal equipment, and are ideal for use in field settings or areas with limited laboratory resources.

ELISA tests are considered more reliable for diagnosing dengue fever due to their higher sensitivity and specificity. ELISA can detect both dengue-specific antigens (NS1) and antibodies (IgM and IgG).
The ELISA test involves a more complex process, requiring specialized equipment and trained personnel to perform. It typically takes a few hours to a day to obtain results, which is longer compared to rapid tests. Despite the longer turnaround time, the ELISA test provides a more detailed and accurate assessment, reducing the likelihood of false results. It is particularly effective in identifying dengue infections during the early phase (detection of NS1 antigen) and in confirming past infections through antibody detection.
Rapid tests often fail to detect the dengue virus in its early stages, potentially leading to false negatives.

Why is it crucial to opt for a reliable test method?

Rapid tests, which have a high probability of false results, can create panic among people, the state health minister has said.

Tests like ELISA can give the right result and hence make it easier to get the treatment. They are highly effective in detecting dengue virus antigens and antibodies even at low concentrations. This reduces the risk of false negatives, ensuring that cases of dengue are not missed, particularly in the early stages of infection when rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) might fail to detect the virus.
The ELISA test’s ability to identify both dengue-specific antigens (NS1) and antibodies (IgM and IgG) provides a complete assessment of the infection. This dual capability allows for accurate diagnosis across different stages of the disease: NS1 antigen detection is crucial during the acute phase, while IgM and IgG antibody detection helps determine recent or past infections. This helps in providing the right kind of treatment.